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- $Unique_ID{BRK03820}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Hers Disease}
- $Subject{Hers Disease Glycogen Storage Disease VI Glycogenosis Type VI
- Hepatophosphorylase Deficiency Glycogenosis Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency
- Phosphorylase Deficiency Glycogen Storage Disease of Liver Andersen Disease
- Forbes Disease Glycogenosis Type VIII Von Gierke Disease }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 401:
- Hers Disease
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Hers Disease) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Glycogen Storage Disease VI
- Glycogenosis Type VI
- Hepatophosphorylase Deficiency Glycogenosis
- Liver Phosphorylase Deficiency
- Phosphorylase Deficiency Glycogen Storage Disease of Liver
-
- Information of the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Andersen Disease
- Forbes Disease
- Glycogenosis Type VIII
- Von Gierke Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Hers Disease is a hereditary glycogen storage disease which usually has
- milder symptoms than most other types of glycogen storage disorders. It is
- caused by a deficiency of the enzyme known as liver phosphorylase. Hers
- Disease is characterized by enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly),
- moderately low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), elevated levels of acetone and
- other ketone bodies in the blood (ketosis), and moderate growth retardation.
- Symptoms are not always evident during childhood. Children are usually able
- to lead normal lives. In some cases symptoms may be severe.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Hers Disease may not be apparent during childhood. Mild to
- moderately low blood sugar can cause symptoms of faintness, weakness, hunger,
- and nervousness. Growth rate may be slowed, and enlargement of the liver may
- occur because of an excess accumulation of glycogen. Glycogen is the stored
- form of energy derived from carbohydrates. In many cases the body can adapt
- to low blood sugar levels and it is able to produce energy by other means.
- Therefore, symptoms may go unnoticed for long periods of time.
-
- Causes
-
- Hers Disease is a hereditary glycogen storage disorder inherited through
- autosomal recessive genes. The disorder is caused by a lack of the enzyme
- known as liver phosphorylase. Because of this enzyme deficiency, the stored
- form of energy derived from carbohydrates (glycogen) may accumulate in the
- liver and cause liver enlargement (hepatomegaly).
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- All Glycogen Storage Diseases together affect less than 1 in 40,000 persons
- in the United States. Symptoms of Hers Disease are usually not noticed until
- adulthood although the disorder may present in childhood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Glycogen Storage Diseases are caused by inborn errors of metabolism in which
- the balance between stored energy (glycogen) and available energy (sugar or
- glucose) is disturbed. Too much glycogen tends to be stored in the liver and
- muscles and too little sugar becomes available in the blood.
-
- The following diseases are similar to Hers Disease. Comparisons may be
- useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Von Gierke Disease is a hereditary glycogen storage disease caused by an
- inborn lack of either the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase or the enzyme
- glucose-6-phosphate translocase. These enzymes are needed to convert the
- main carbohydrate storage material (glycogen) into sugar (glucose) which the
- body uses for its energy needs. A deficiency of these enzymes causes
- deposits of excess glycogen in the liver and kidney cells.
-
- Forbes Disease (Glycogenosis III; Cori Disease) is another genetic
- glycogen storage disease. This disorder is caused by a lack of a debrancher
- enzyme (amylo-1,6-glucosidase). This enzyme deficiency causes excess amounts
- of glycogen to be deposited in the liver and muscles. The heart may be
- involved in some cases.
-
- Andersen Disease is a glycogen storage disease inherited through
- recessive genes. Symptoms of this disorder are caused by a lack of the
- brancher enzyme (alpha-1,4-glucan 6-glucosyltransferase). Andersen Disease
- is characterized by liver scarring (cirrhosis) which can lead to liver
- failure.
-
- Glycogen Storage Disease VIII is a sex-linked genetic disorder caused by
- a deficiency of the enzyme liver phosphorylase kinase. The disorder is
- characterized by slightly low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Excess amounts of
- glycogen (the stored form of energy that comes from carbohydrates) are
- deposited in the liver, causing enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly).
-
- For more information on the above disorders, choose "Gierke," "Andersen,"
- Forbes," and "Glycogen Storage Disease VIII" as your search terms in the Rare
- Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Diagnosis of Hers Disease is based on a test for activity of the liver
- phosphorylase enzyme. A small fragment of liver tissue is removed (biopsy)
- and assayed for the activity of the enzyme. In persons with Hers Disease
- this enzyme activity will be deficient.
-
- Symptoms of Hers Disease are generally mild and the disorder usually
- requires no treatment other than avoidance of prolonged tasting and
- monitoring by a physician.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Dr. Y.T. Chen at Duke University Medical Center, at the request of the
- Glycogen Storage Disease Association, is collecting DNA from patients with
- Glycogen Storage Disease Type I to form a DNA bank for GSDI. Interested
- patients may contact the Glycogen Storage Diseases Association for further
- information. The address and phone number of the organization are listed in
- the Resources section of this report.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Hers Disease, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Association for Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Box 896
- Durant, IA 52747
- (319) 785-6038
-
- Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
- Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
- Crewe CW1 1XN, England
- Telephone: (0270) 250244
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 2078.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 425.
-
-